| Odessa Grady Clay | |
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Odessa Grady Clay with Muhammad Ali |
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| Born | February 12, 1917 Hopkins County, Kentucky, U.S.A. |
| Died | August 20, 1994 (aged 77) Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A. |
| Occupation | Relative, Housewife |
| Spouse | Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr. (1917-1990) (m. 1933–1990) |
| Children | Muhammad Ali, Rahman Ali |
| Parents | John Lewis Grady, Birdie B. Morehead |
Odessa Lee Clay (née Grady) (February 12, 1917 – August 20, 1994) was the mother of three-time World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali and Rudolph Valentino Clay, now Rahman Ali and grandmother of Laila Ali.[1][2] She married Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr. in the 1930s and worked for some time as a household domestic to help support her young children.[3][4]
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She was born in Hopkins County, Kentucky, one of six children of John Lewis Grady and Birdie B. Morehead. Her paternal grandfather was a white Irishman named Abe Grady, who emigrated to the United States from Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, soon after the Civil War and married a daughter of Lewis and Amanda J. "Mandy" Walker of Todd County, Kentucky.[5][6] Her maternal grandfather, Tom Morehead, was the son of a white Morehead and a slave named Dinah. Morehead served in the 122nd USCT.[7][8]
Odessa Clay grew up in a segregated society in which African Americans were denied many of the rights and privileges of white Americans. African Americans faced discrimination in finding jobs. Clay's parents separated when she was young,[9] and her mother worked as a domestic, taking care of the household chores and the young children of a white family. Clay was raised partly by her aunt.[9] When she became an adolescent, she dropped out of school and also found work as a domestic. Then, when she was sixteen years old, she met twenty-year-old Cassius, whom everyone referred to as "Cash". They soon married and settled into their own house in Louisville, Kentucky.[10] The Clays' marriage was troubled. Ali told boxing promoters, "She's afraid of him".[8]
Through her strong Christian belief, Clay had a great influence on the life and spiritual upbringing of both of her sons. Muhammad Ali later said, "My mother is a Baptist, and when I was growing up, she taught me all she knew about God. Every Sunday, she dressed me up, took me and my brother to church, and taught us the way she thought was right. She taught us to love people and treat everybody with kindness. She taught us it was wrong to be prejudiced or hate. I've changed my religion and some of my beliefs since then, but her God is still God; I just call him by a different name. And my mother, I'll tell you what I've told people for a long time. She's a sweet, fat, wonderful woman, who loves to cook, eat, make clothes, and be with family. She doesn't drink, smoke, meddle in other people's business, or bother anyone, and there's no one who's been better to me my whole life."[11]
Clay supported and inspired her son throughout his boxing career. At small gyms early in her son's career and later at international arenas when he became world famous, Clay traveled with her son and was a ring-side regular at his bouts.[12][13] Muhammad Ali was much closer to his mother, whom he lovingly called "Bird", than to his father. After discovering boxing, it was his mother with whom he shared his dreams of greatness.[14]
Clay's husband died in 1990. Odessa Clay died of heart failure on August 18, 1994 at Hurstbourne Health Center, a nursing home in the Louisville, Kentucky area. She had been disabled by a stroke since February 1994, according to a family friend.[13][15]
Odessa Clay appeared as herself in the film documentaries Muhammad Ali: The Whole Story (1996) and When We Were Kings (1996).[16] In the 1977 film The Greatest Odessa Clay was portrayed by Dorothy Meyer, and in the 2001 film Ali she was portrayed by Candy Ann Brown.[17]
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